Auger



No Model.)

A. Y. PEARL.

AUGER.

l/ 50 14 17, J 4 I 54 Z7 fr- "-0", 15T l z f M 5 7 rUHII/ V 2"5 2a :l M' f2@ www, M 2 usw yx lz /l//w` 4" y 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

Patented June 28, 1898.

c UNITED ,STATES PATENT Orrrcn.,

AZARIAH Y. PEARL, OF LEBANON, MAINE.

y "AUYGER,

sPEoIFrAcrroNrormn-ng part of v,Iiettrfs raient No.' eoamauateu .Tune as, 189s.

Application tiled July 9, 1897. Serial No. 643,988. (No model.)

My invention relates t'oraugers, the same consisting, essentially, in an improvement upon the device shown and described in Let-` vters Patent Nos. 505,844E and 565,500,grant ed to me, respectively, upon October 3, 1893,V

and August 11, 1896; and the objects in view are to provide spaced means for supporting the shank or spindle of the bit respectively contiguous wto and remote from the bit; to provide a guide-frame of rsuch construction as to t snuglyintheopening formed by the cutting devices, saidv frame carrying the outer bearing, in which the bit shank or spindle is mounted; to provide means whereby the side cutters maybe'jturn'ed in either direction to avoid the Vuse of a clutch or release, asin the second above named patenti to provide means for supporting or holding said frame at the desired angle when the operation of boring is commenced; to provide improved means for discharging the cuttings and preventing the same from' being carried back into the bore after discharge, and to provide improved means for lubricating and reducing the friction of the operative members of the device.

Further objects and' advantages of this in@ vention will appear in thefollowing descrip' tion, and the novel-featuresthereof will be particularly pointed Yout in the appended claims. Y,

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side view perpendicular to the axes of `the side cutters of an auger constructed in accordance with myA invention, Ythesame being vshown in connection with a holder, whereby .the guide-frame may be set at the desired angular adjustment. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the auger at right angles to the plane of Fig. 1 or parallel with the axes of the side cutters. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken in the plane of, the'aXes of the side cutters.'A Fi-g. 4" is ,asidevie'w of the holder detached. Fig. v5 is aplan view of the same. Fig.6 is a transverse sectional view'of the auger on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the same on the line 7 7 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a section'ofl use in boringl metal;

metal.

the same on the line S 8 of Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a detail' sectional view of the spider or propeller. Fig. 10 is an inverted plan view of the same. Fig. 11 is an innerside view of one of the clearing-disks. Fig. 12 is an edge View' of the same.' Figs; 13 and 14 are respectively side and plan views of a stub or follower interchangeable with the bit and adapted for Similar numerals offreference indicate corresponding parts inall the figures of the drawings.

V1 designates a shank or spindle provided 'with a longitudinal lubricating duct or channel 2, which is preferably formed axially in the shank or 'spindle and extending from [a point above the cutting-head, where it is provided withan inlet-opening 3, to a point contiguous to the lower end of the shank or spindle, where it communicates with outlet-perforations 4, said shank carrying a suitable bit 5, of which the construction may vary to suit the material which is being bored and the ,density of such'material.

In Figs. 13 and 14 I have shown a stub or follower interchangeable with the bit 5 and vadapted particularly for usein boring metal, whereas that shown in Figs. 1 to 13, inclusive,

is especially adapted for boring wood. This stub consists of a perforate disk adapted to 'lbe threaded uponthe lower end of the augershank in place of Vthe bit When the tool is to be used in connection with the boring of Obviously the vmetal is bored in the ordinary way to form a round hole,after which the tool forming the subjectmatter of my invention is applied and theV stub or follower is inserted in the bore formed by the formertool, and thereby guides the tool which forms the square opening. The perforations in the disk serve to allow oil and cuttings to pass through in order to lubricate the parts to prevent heating of the stub. The bit is threaded or otherwise detachably secured to the lower end ot' the shank or spindle and is preferably provided with an up\va1 ily-p1ojecting collar 6, which Iits within a sleeve-,7, depending from a guide-,block and this sleeve is preferably counterbored to provide a seat for a bearing-ring 9 or other equivalent means for reducing the friction.

The depending sleeve 7 by inclosing the upwardly-projecting collar G of the bit, said ICO sleeve extending down approximately to the plane of the upper surface of the bit, prevents cuttings from reaehin g the thrustbear l ing between the lower end of the bit-shank and the bearing-ring 0, and hence prevents the accumulation of obstructionsbetween the cooperating surfaces of the device.

The guide-block is of a construction and function similar to those described in my said former patents, the same being elongated diametrically, as shown in Figs. 7 and S, and being provided with lateral alined journals 10, upon which are mounted rotary side cutters 11, corresponding in construction with those described in said former patents and held in place by similar means, consisting of screws 12. Rising from the extremities of this guide-block and preferably integral therewith are cross-sectionally angular guide-arms 13, which combine with the guideblock and a coni'lecting-eollar 14: at the upper ends ofthe guide-arms to form a guide-frame, the cross-sectional construction of the guidearms being clearly shown in Fig. t,from which it will be obvious that the arms are located diametrically opposite to each other upon a diagonal connecting the remote outer angles of the side cutters, while the spaces on each side between said arm's form diamctrieally opposite outlets through which cuttings are adapted to be discharged laterally, as hereinafter more fully explained.

Alined with the lower bearing 15, which is formed in the guide-block or in the lower end of the frame for the reception of the bit shank or spindle, is an upper bearing, also designed for the reception of the bit shank or spindle, but located at the upper end of the frame remote from the lower bearing in order to positively guide the shank or spindle during the advance movement of the tool. In the construction illustrated this upper bearing is formed in the collar 1l, but is preferably enlarged sufficiently to receive a bushing 16, which obviously is replaceable when worn, the bushing being held in place in the collar 1l, forming the upper end of the frame, by means of a set-screw 17 or its equivalent. Downward pressure is communicated from the bit shank or spindle to the upper end of the guide-frame by means of a collar 1S, secured to the former by means ot' a set-screw 19 and preferably bearing upon a thrust or bearing ring 20, which is interposed between the lower side of the collar and the upper end of the frame. This bearing-ring is designed to reduce the frictional contact between the parts and may be substituted by any other suitable form of antifriction-bearing. This bushing` 1b being of greater diameterthan the collar 18 and bearing-ring 2O receives all of the wear at this point due to the rotation of the bit-shank, and being a small part readily detached it is obvious that such bushing may be replaced when worn without incurring any considerable expense, such replacement, however, having the effect of restoring the apparatus to an efficient working condition. It is desirable in devices of; this class to provide means whereby th`e wear of cooperating parts shall not fall upon a part, such as the guideframe, which can be replaced only at considerable expense and also onlybycompletely dis'membering the tool. It is obvious that the bushing may be replaced by simply removing the thrust-collar 1S.

The guide-frame is of diametrical dimensions equal to the bit, whereby the side surfaces of the guide-arms 1 3 are in planes tangent to the bit, and the side cutters 11, which are coaxially mounted at opposite sides of the plane of: the guide-block, are adapted to cut away the material between the periphery of the bit and the angles formed by the intersection of the perpendicular outer side faces of the `guide-arms to form a rectangular opening. This maybe clearly understood by reference to Fig. G, wherein the dotted line a represents the circumference of the opening formed by the bit, the parallel dotted lines D represent the side surfaces of the guide-block, and the parallel dotted lines c the outer sides ofthe side cutters and which intersect dotted lines d to form the angles of the opening produced by the auger. The dotted lilies d are of a length equal only to the depth or width of the side cutters, and hence between the planes of the inner sides of the side cutters the material is not wholly removed by the bit, a slight web or iin (indicated in Fig. (5 at c) being left in place.

In order to suit the cross-sectional construction of the frame accurately to the shape of the opening formed by the auger, I prefen ably provide the frame between the planes of the inner sides of the side cutters with lgrooves 21, extending upward upon the arms 153 and having eonvexed lloors corresponding with the peripheral curvature of the bit. (See Figs. (i and 7.) It is necessary, however, to remove these webs or fins of thc material being bored, and hence I employ trimming-disks 22, countersunk in the ends of the guide-block, with their outer surfaces ilush with the contiguous surfaces of said guideblock and arms 13, the diameter el' each disk being equal tothe interval between the inner surfaces of the side cutters. (Sec Fig S.) Then boring in metal, these trimming-disks are adapted to be removed, and hence are preferably detachably secured in place by means of journal-screws L.

In order to maximize the efficiency of the auger, it is necessary to provide means for relieving the cutting members of cuttings as rapidly as they are formed to prevent choking and clogging, and hence in connection with each of the side cutters, which operate in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1, I provide the contiguous guide-arm 13 with a clearing-li nger er deflcetor 2l, formed by extending and undercutting said arm to form a coneaved surface concentric with the side cutter and contiguous thereto. This clear- IOO IIO

V606,575 t 'a ing-finger is reduced at its operative end to a sharp edge, which'removes cuttings from' the side cutter and prevents the same from being carried back into the hole below the j arms of the side cutters.A

cutter and is deflected upwardly at its upper side to allow cuttings to be throwncentrifugally by the side cutters. Furthermore, the space contiguous to the upwardly moving or rising side of each side cutter is open from the plane 0f rt-he side cutter to the collar 14, hence providing a free outlet for the cuttings. The only outlet for the cuttings carried by the side cutters is between the clearing-finger and the lower end of the other guidearm.

In the construction illustrated in the drawings the means employed for operating the side cutters consists of a spider or propeller 25, secured to a reduced portion of the bit shank or spindle by means of a sleeve 26 and a set-screw 27 and having a plurality of wings 2S, which successively engage the arms of the side cuttersand convey rotary motion thereto. In order to facilitate theremoval of cuttings from the side cutters, I have found it Vdesirable, furthermore, to concave the front face of'each' wing of the spider or propeller, as shown clearly in Fig. 10, the term front face being used to designate that face which is foremost when the apparatus is operated forwardly under normal conditions and as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 10. On the other hand, the rear face of each wing is preferably convexed,while the lower end is rounded to -avoid unnecessary friction with the (See Figs. 9 and 10.) The wings of the spider or propeller are preferably arranged parallel with the axis thereof, and, being of shorter length, the cuttings are enabled tov pass upwardly beyond the same without unnecessary obstruction, and in order to prevent cuttings from becoming lodged between the guide-block and the rising sides of the side cutters the contiguous portions of the guide-block are cut away to form clearance-'channels 29. The concave front faces of the wings also perform the function of preventing the centrifugal discharge of cuttings thereby and serve to hold the cut'- tings from being thrown to such points as to cause them to crowd between the ends of the wings and the contiguous surfaces of the.

guide-arms.

In connection with the above-described mechanism, I provide a holder, whereby the guide-frame may be maintained in the desired angular position previous to and during the boring operation. This holder preferably l consists of a split collar 80, constructed to fit upon a seat 31, formed by turning down the upperportion of the collar 14. The parallel extremities 32 Vof the collar are connected by a set-screw 33, which when tightened secures the collar upon the seat 3l, the opposite side of the collar being formed with a socket 34 for the receptionof the extremity of the holdingrod 35, adapted to rest against an object suitable-for guiding it to prevent rotation with.

the bit shank or spindle while not interfering with movement parallel with the axis of said shank or spindle. To provide for the desired angular adjustment of the guide-frame, the collar is preferably fitted with an adjustable graduated ring 36, countersunk or seated in the upper surface of the collar, around the opening therein, and adapted to be locked at the desired adjustment by means of a setscrew 37.

In order that the operation of the holder may be clearly understood, let it be supposed,

forexample, that thework has been clamped in placeand (if of metal) that a round hole of the proper size has been drilled therethrough by means of a tool of any selected or ordinary construction. j The augerhaving an attached stub or follower (shown in Figs. 13 and 14E) is then applied, and it is desired to set the frame to agree with the marks on thework, said marks being designed to indicate the position of the angles of the square hole to be drilled. To accomplish this, the shank of the bit is fitted into the spindle of the milling or other machine, the clamp of the holder having been fitted upon the seat 31,with the setscrews 33 and 37 loosened. The handle-bar 35 of the holder is then swung around until it bears firmly against the overhanging arm or other fixed part of the machine on that side toward which the auger when revolving will press the handle or bar and tend to keep it in place. In some instancessaid handle may be clamped tol the overhanging arm of the machine. After thus positioning the handle the frame of the bit must be turned manually until by testing with the proper instruments it is in proper alinement with the marks upon the work, after which the setscrew 33 is tightenedn to clamp the augerframe firmly to the holder. The operation of the auger can then be institutedy without throwing the auger-frame out of alinement. It frequently happensin shopwork that a cutting must be made at an angle from the first cutting, said angle being of a certain number of degrees. must be understood, is so fitted in its seat as to be loose even after the set-screw 83 has been4 tightened to secure the holder upon the seat 31, and when such a second cutting is desired the ring is moved manually until the Zero 0r initial mark thereon is alined with an index-mark shown on the upper edge of the frame, (see Fig. 5,) whereupon the set-screw 37 or an equivalent locking device is tightened. It is obvious that a Vernier and glass can be employed in connection with this feature of the tool when absolute accuracy is demanded. Having set the graduated ring in an initial position'with reference to the clamp, the set-screw 33 of the frame can be loosened and the frame turned to bring the index-line at the upper end thereof into registration` The graduated ring, it.

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angle with relation to the initial relative positions of the frame and holder-arm. llence when the set-screw 33 is tightened and the helder-arm is allowed to again come in centact with the iixed part of the machine the frame will be arranged in a position at the desired angle from its former position to enable the hole to be drilled as required.

From the above description it will be seen that the specific construction of the bit or other cutting parts may be varied to suit the kind and density of the material to be bored without in any way departing from the spirit of my invention, of which an essential feature consists in the provision of spaced and alined upper and lower bearings for the bit shank or spindle, whereby lateral vibration or deection is prevented, and of which a further essential feature resides in the provision of guiding devices which correspond approximately in cross-sectional area with the opening formed by the cutting devices of the auger,wherebysaid guiding devices lit snugly in the opening and positively direct the movement of the tool.

In connection with the above-named advantage with regard to guiding the tool it should be noted, furthermore, that the guideframe is open-sided to provide for the free discharge of the cuttings, while contiguous to the cutting members the device is provided with means for preventing the cuttings from being carried back into the paths of the cutting members-as, for instance, the deflecting iingers or projections 24:,which cooperate, respectively, with the side cutters.

Further advantages of the construction above set forth will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and it will be understood that various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invcntion.

In the construction illustrated in the drawings the guide-frame is arranged to receive the thrust of the shank, whereby it is fed therewith; but in special cases-as, for instance, in connection with machines for ear or other heavy work-said frame will be attached directly to a part of the machine and will be advanced therewith and thereby without reference to the shank and without receiving any direct pressure therefrom. For light work the construction illustrated in the drawings is preferable, and as the other arrangement is obvious it is deemed unnecessary to illustrate or more specifically describe the same.

Having described my invention, what I claim isl. An auger having a shank, cutting-tools operatively connected with for actuation by the shank, to form an angular bore, and a non-rotatable guide-frame having spaced alined bearings in which the shank is mounted, said frame corresponding in cross-sectional area and conto ur with the exterior' contour or periphery of the cuttingtools, to iit snugly in the bore formed thereby, substantially as specified. A

2. An auger having a bit-carrying shank, a non-rotatable guideframe having spaced alined bearings in which said shank is mounted, and having cnt-away sides forming discharge-openings, and side cutters mounted upon said frame and operatively connected with the shank, the upwardly-moving sides of said side cutters being arranged contiguous to the openings in the frame, substantially as specified.

3. An auger having a bit-carrying shank, a non-rotatable guide-frame having spaced alined bearings in which said shank is mounted, and having cut-away sides forming dis charge-openings, side cutters mounted upon said frame and operatively connected with the shank, the upwardly1neving sides of said side cutters being arranged contiguous to the openingsin the frame, and chip-delecting iingers or projections on the guide-frame arranged terminally contiguous to the peripheries of the side cutters, su bstantially as specilied.

i. An auger having a bit-carrying shank, a guide-frame provided with upper and lower spaced alined bearings in which the shank is mounted, and also provided with parallel diagonally opposite eross-sectionally angular arms, and side cutters mounted upon the sides of the frame and operatively connected with the shank, downwardly-moving sides of the side cutters being arranged in the paths, respectively, of said cross-sectionally angular arms of the frame, whereby said arms fit in the angles of the bore formed by the auger, substantially as specified.

5. An auger having a bit-carrying shank, a guide-frame having upper and lower alined bearings in which the shank is mounted, said frame comprising a dialnetrically elongated block arranged contiguous to and above the plane of the bit, parallel guide-arms arranged at the diametrically opposite angles of the block, and a collar connecting the upper extremities of the arms, and side cutters revolubly mounted upon the guide-block, parallel with its side surfaces and flush with the outsides of said arms and operatively connected with the shank, substantially as specified.

(5. An auger having a rotatable bit-earrying shank, a non-rotatable frame havingbearings in which said shank is mounted, and ineluding a guide-block, side cutters mounted upon the guide-block and operatively connected with the shank, and diametrieally opposite iin-removing disks mounted upon the frame with their axes perpendicular to the plane of the axes of the side cutters and with their faces ilush with the contiguous outer surfaces of the guide-bloek, substantially as speeihcd.

7. An auger having a rotatable bit-carrying shank, a non-rotatable frame having bearings IOO IIO

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in which said shank is mounted, and including a guide-block, diametrically opposite side cutters mounted upon the guideblock and `operatively. connected with the shank, and diametrically opposite iin-removing disks removably mounted upon the frame with their aves perpendicular to the plane of the axes of the side cutters, and with their outer faces flush with vthe contiguous surfaces of the guide-block, substantially as specified.

S. An au ger having a rotatable bit-carrying shank, a frame provided with upper and lower bearings in which ,said shank. is mounted,

j and.l including a diametrically elongated guide-block, side cutters mounted upon opposite sides of said guide-block and operatively connected with the shank, the sides ofthe frame between the planes of the inner sur- `faces of the side cutters being channeled to form grooves ofwhich the doors correspond in cross-sectional contour with the periphery.

thrust therefrom tosaid collar, side cutters mounted upon the guide-block, with their outer sides iiush with the guide-arms and a spider or propeller for communicating motion from the shank to the side cutters, said spider having a sleeve fitted upon the shank and bearing terminally upon the upper side of the guide-block, substantially as specified.

10. An' auger having' a rotatable bit-carrying shank, a non-rotatable cross-sectionally angular frame in which the shank is mounted, said shank being-provided with upper and lower means for bearing downwardly upon the frame to impart axial thrust thereto, and

side cutters mounted upon the frame iiush atv their outer sides with the surface of the frame and operatively connected with the shank, substantially as specified.

1l. An auger having a rotatable bit-carry# ing shank, a non-rotatable frame having bearings in which the shank is mounted,and which is adapted to receive axial thrust therefrom, said frame being provided at its upper end with a collar having an enlarged bore, a replaceable bushing removably Atted in said bore, a collar removably secured to the shank contiguous, and adapted to communicate pressure to, said bushing, and of less diameter than the same, whereby the said collar of the frame is relieved of pressure, and side cutters mounted upon the frame and operatively connected with the shank, substantially as specified.

ing'shank, a non-rotatable guide-block in which the shank is mounted, side cutters mounted upon the guide-block, and a spider or propeller carried by the'shank and having radial wings provided with concaved front faces for successively engaging the arms of the side cutters, substantiallyas specied.

13. An auger having a rotatable shank, a bit having an upwardly-projecting collar removably fitted upon the lower end of the shank, a non-rotatable guide-block-having a bearing for the shank and receiving downward thrust therefrom, said block being provided with a depending sleeve into which the collar of thev bit fits, abearingring interposed 'between the guide-block and the bit to communicate thrust from the former to the latter and inclosed by said sleeve, and side cutters mounted upon the guide-block and operatively connected with the shank,V substantially as specified.

1-1. An auger having a rotatable bit-carry ing shank, a non-rotatable guide-frame hav-V ing bearings in which the shank is mounted, and carrying side cutters operatively connected with the shank, said frame having at its upper end a bearing portion or seat, and a holder removably `fitted upon said bearing portion or seat, and having clamping devices whereby it may be secured to maintain the frame at the desired angular adjustment, and having a graduated ring concentric with the bit-carrying shank, substantially as specified.

15. An auger having a rotatable bit-carrying shank, a non-rotatable guide-frame having bearings in' which the shank is mounted, and carrying'side cutters operatively connected with the shank, said frame having at its upper end a bearing portion or seat, and a holder removably fitted upon said bearing portion or seat and having clampingdevices whereby it may be secured to'm'aintain the frame at the desired angular adjustment, a

y p 12. lAn auger having a rotatable bit-carry- IOL:

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graduated ring mounted for rotary adjust-i nient upon the holder, and means for locking said ring at the desired adjustment with relation to the holder, substantially as specified.

16. An auger having arotatable bit-carrying shank, a non-rotatable frame in which of the collar, and a locking-screwfor the ring,

substantially as speciied.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence ofy two witnesses.

y AZARVIAl-I Y. PEARL.

Witnesses:

LESTER E. LANCASTER, FRANK H. FLETCHER. 

